Grid energy storage, also known as large-scale energy storage, is a set of technologies connected to the electrical power grid that store energy for later use. These systems help balance supply and demand by storing excess electricity from variable renewables such as solar and inflexible sources like. .
Any must match electricity production to consumption, both of which vary significantly over time. Energy derived from and varies with the weather on time scales ranging from less. .
Electricity can be stored directly for a short time in capacitors, somewhat longer electrochemically in , and much longer chemically (e.g. hydrogen), mechanically (e.g. pumped hydropower) or as heat. The first pumped hydroelectricity was constructed at. .
CostsThe (LCOS) is a measure of the lifetime costs of storing electricity per .
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