Are lithium-ion batteries a good energy storage device?

Motivation and challenges As a clean energy storage device, the lithium-ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, low self-discharge rate, and long service life, which is widely used in various electronic devices and energy storage systems . However, lithium-ion batteries have a lifetime decay characteristic.

What is the loss capacity of a lithium ion battery?

A L A M i, E L A M i, z L A M i represent the pre-exponential factor, activation energy, and power factor of LAM i, respectively. According to Ref. , the capacity loss of lithium-ion batteries can be described as a linear combination of LLI and LAM. Therefore, the loss capacity Q loss is defined as Eq. (27).

Does loss of delithiated material in a negative electrode affect battery capacity?

In the beginning, the loss of delithiated material in the negative electrode only has a weak effect on the battery capacity, because the negative electrode has excessive active substances, and the OCV curve of the negative electrode remains unchanged at the low SOC stage.

How to identify the aging mechanism of a battery?

To identify the aging mechanism of the battery by using the OCV curve of electrodes, it is necessary to establish the correlation model between the aging and the OCV curves. Besides, considering that the SOC i of the electrode can not be measured directly, it is necessary to map the SOC of the whole battery to the electrode SOC i.

How is battery aging measured?

The aging mode of the battery is quantified by the capacity ratio of electrodes and the SOC bias of the positive electrode. To better understand the variation of internal parameters with battery aging, the simplified electrochemical model is used to identify the parameters in Ref. .

How are aging modes of battery quantified?

Three aging modes of battery are quantified by the established OCV model. The semi-empirical models are proposed for three aging modes. The model of aging modes on ohmic/polarization resistance is established. Remaining useful life and SOH are predicted by proposed models and particle filter.