Can Africa develop an integrated lithium supply chain for batteries?

In this report, we summarise the potential for developing an integrated lithium supply chain for batteries in Africa. Lithium is a moderately abundant element in the Earth’s crust, and is predominantly concentrated into three types of mineral deposit: pegmatites and granites; sedimentary deposits; and brines (Bowell et al., 2020).

Why is a lithium supply chain important in Africa?

Understanding of lithium supply, demand and markets is essential for development of the Li supply chain in Africa. Energy security. Lithium mineral processing is highly energy intensive, and so secure energy supplies are essential for industrial engagement in the lithium supply chain.

Will lithium be exported outside Africa?

In the coming years, as global demand for lithium for batteries grows, it is highly likely that some current exploration projects will develop into mines. However, these mines will likely produce mineral concentrates that will then be exported outside Africa for further refining.

What is the most advanced lithium project in Namibia?

The most advanced lithium project in Namibia is at Karibib. Lepidico hold an 80% interest in this project in central Namibia, which is well-served by existing infrastructure. The project has a JORC-compliant ore reserve, announced in 2020.

Where do lithium batteries come from?

This report will focus specifically on lithium. Global supply chains of lithium for batteries are currently dominated by sources in South America, Australia and China, with processing and manufacturing of the battery compounds and components focused in China, Japan and South Korea (Grant et al., 2020; Sun et al., 2019).

Where is the lithium pegmatite located in Africa?

The Zulu pegmatite, 80 km from Bulawayo, is under exploration by Premier African Minerals, which also owns a series of smaller lithium pegmatite prospects in eastern Zimbabwe. Namibia is the only other African country, after Zimbabwe, that has exported lithium mineral concentrate in recent years.