How old are grid assets in Russia?

As noted at the beginning of this section, the age of grid assets in Russia today ranges from 40 to 60 years, and the Russian energy sector is gradually entering a new investment cycle, which will require an increasing volume of replacement of these assets.

How a grid organization can improve charging infrastructure in Russia?

Considering that grid organizations in the Russian Federation are the main initiators of the development of charging infrastructure, they can get an additional economic effect by increasing the volume of transmitted power.

What are the advantages of smart grids in Russia?

One of the known advantages of smart grids is the ability to smooth out peak loads through the introduction of demand response technologies. There are serious economic prerequisites for the development of these technologies in Russia.

What are the problems in Russia's power grid?

The most urgent problems in the power grid complex of Russia include a high losses level and high equipment wear. The average level of losses in grids is about 9% (according to the annual reports of PJSC Rosseti), which is 3% higher than the average losses in European countries.

How many integrated power systems are there in Russia?

The seven integrated power systems of Russia's unified power system. The geographically isolated energy systems are Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin, and Magadan Oblast, Norilsk energy Districts of Taimyr and Nikolaev, western energy systems of Sakha (Yakutia) [Image courtesy of eclareon, Reproduced from Ref. 30]

How can the Russian energy system be more flexible?

Another way of increasing the flexibility of the Russian energy system, which is necessary for the successful integration of growing volumes of renewable energy sources, can be virtual power plants (VPP). VPP provides aggregation of profiles of many real power plants distributed over the territory ( Fig. 10.8 ).